𐑪𐑯 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑬𐑯𐑛𐑟 𐑨𐑟 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑼𐑟

𐑨𐑟 𐑩 𐑐𐑮𐑴𐑜𐑮𐑨𐑥𐑼, 𐑲 𐑕𐑐𐑧𐑯𐑛 𐑩 𐑤𐑪𐑑 𐑝 𐑑𐑲𐑥 𐑮𐑰𐑛𐑦𐑙 𐑑𐑧𐑒𐑕𐑑 𐑦𐑯 𐑥𐑪𐑯𐑴𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕 𐑓𐑪𐑯𐑑𐑕. 𐑯 𐑢𐑧𐑯 𐑲 𐑕𐑱 𐑩 𐑤𐑪𐑑, 𐑲 𐑥𐑰𐑯 𐑩 𐑤𐑪𐑑¹. 𐑒𐑪𐑯𐑕𐑴𐑤𐑟 𐑯 𐑑𐑻𐑥𐑦𐑯𐑩𐑤𐑟 𐑿𐑟 𐑥𐑪𐑯𐑴𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕 𐑓𐑪𐑯𐑑𐑕. ·𐑦𐑛𐑧𐑟 [IDEs, 𐑞 𐑐𐑮𐑴𐑜𐑮𐑨𐑥𐑟 𐑐𐑮𐑴𐑜𐑮𐑨𐑥𐑼𐑟 𐑿𐑟 𐑑 𐑮𐑲𐑑 𐑐𐑮𐑴𐑜𐑮𐑨𐑥𐑟] 𐑿𐑟 𐑥𐑪𐑯𐑴𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕 𐑓𐑪𐑯𐑑𐑕. 𐑯 𐑨𐑟 𐑩 𐑐𐑮𐑴𐑜𐑮𐑨𐑥𐑼 𐑣𐑵 𐑮𐑰𐑕𐑩𐑯𐑑𐑤𐑦 𐑣𐑨𐑟 𐑑𐑱𐑒𐑩𐑯 𐑑 𐑮𐑲𐑑𐑦𐑙 𐑩 𐑤𐑪𐑑 𐑝 𐑐𐑮𐑴𐑜𐑮𐑨𐑥𐑟 𐑦𐑯𐑝𐑪𐑤𐑝𐑦𐑙 ·𐑖𐑱𐑝𐑾𐑯, 𐑲 𐑓𐑰𐑤 𐑒𐑢𐑲𐑑 𐑕𐑑𐑮𐑪𐑙𐑤𐑦 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑞 ·𐑖𐑱𐑝𐑾𐑯 𐑲 𐑮𐑲𐑑 𐑦𐑯 𐑥𐑲 𐑐𐑮𐑴𐑜𐑮𐑨𐑥𐑟 𐑖𐑫𐑛, 𐑦𐑯 𐑓𐑨𐑒𐑑, 𐑚𐑰 𐑤𐑧𐑡𐑩𐑚𐑩𐑤. 𐑨𐑟 𐑿 𐑥𐑲𐑑 𐑒𐑼𐑧𐑒𐑑𐑤𐑦 𐑕𐑻𐑥𐑲𐑟 𐑓𐑮𐑪𐑥 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑐𐑴𐑕𐑑 𐑕𐑴-𐑓𐑸: 𐑦𐑑 𐑦𐑟 𐑯𐑪𐑑.

𐑚𐑦𐑓𐑹 𐑲 𐑜𐑴 𐑪𐑯, 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑕 𐑥𐑱𐑒 𐑖𐑫𐑼 𐑢𐑰 𐑸 𐑪𐑯 𐑞 𐑕𐑱𐑥 𐑐𐑱𐑡. 𐑢𐑪𐑑𐑕 𐑩 𐑥𐑪𐑯𐑴𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕 𐑓𐑪𐑯𐑑, 𐑦𐑜𐑟𐑨𐑒𐑑𐑤𐑦, 𐑧𐑯𐑦𐑘𐑱? 𐑢𐑧𐑤, 𐑦𐑑𐑕 𐑩 𐑑𐑲𐑐𐑓𐑱𐑕 𐑛𐑦𐑟𐑲𐑯𐑛 𐑦𐑯 𐑕𐑳𐑗 𐑩 𐑢𐑱 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑷𐑤 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼𐑟 𐑑𐑱𐑒 𐑳𐑐 𐑦𐑜𐑟𐑨𐑒𐑑𐑤𐑦 𐑞 𐑕𐑱𐑥 𐑩𐑥𐑬𐑯𐑑 𐑝 𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕, 𐑕𐑴 𐑞𐑱 𐑓𐑦𐑑 𐑯𐑰𐑑𐑤𐑦 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑵 𐑩 𐑯𐑲𐑕 𐑮𐑧𐑜𐑘𐑩𐑤𐑼 𐑜𐑮𐑦𐑛 𐑦𐑓 𐑿 𐑮𐑲𐑑 𐑤𐑲𐑯𐑟 𐑝 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼𐑟 𐑩𐑚𐑳𐑝 𐑰𐑗 𐑳𐑞𐑼. 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑦𐑟 𐑦𐑜𐑟𐑨𐑒𐑑𐑤𐑦 𐑞 𐑢𐑱 𐑞 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼𐑟 𐑢𐑻𐑒𐑑 𐑪𐑯 𐑥𐑦𐑒𐑨𐑯𐑦𐑒𐑩𐑤 𐑑𐑲𐑐𐑮𐑲𐑑𐑼𐑟: 𐑞 𐑥𐑧𐑒𐑩𐑯𐑦𐑟𐑥 𐑝 𐑩 𐑐𐑱𐑐𐑼 𐑚𐑱𐑤 𐑩𐑛𐑝𐑭𐑯𐑕𐑩𐑟 𐑚𐑲 𐑞 𐑕𐑱𐑥 𐑛𐑦𐑕𐑑𐑩𐑯𐑕 𐑓 𐑰𐑗 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼 𐑑𐑲𐑐𐑑, 𐑕𐑴 𐑞 𐑛𐑦𐑟𐑲𐑯𐑼𐑟 𐑝 𐑞 𐑑𐑲𐑐𐑓𐑱𐑕 𐑢𐑫𐑛 𐑣𐑨𐑝 𐑑 𐑦𐑯𐑖𐑫𐑼 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑰𐑗 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼 𐑢𐑪𐑟 𐑦𐑜𐑟𐑨𐑕𐑑𐑤𐑦 𐑨𐑟 𐑢𐑲𐑛 𐑨𐑟 𐑰𐑗 𐑳𐑞𐑼 𐑢𐑳𐑯. 𐑞 𐑥𐑪𐑯𐑴𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕 𐑓𐑪𐑯𐑑𐑕 𐑝 𐑞 𐑥𐑦𐑒𐑨𐑯𐑦𐑒𐑩𐑤 𐑑𐑲𐑐𐑮𐑲𐑑𐑼𐑟 𐑤𐑦𐑝𐑛 𐑪𐑯 𐑦𐑯 𐑞 𐑜𐑲𐑟 𐑝 𐑑𐑧𐑤𐑩𐑑𐑲𐑐 𐑕𐑦𐑕𐑑𐑩𐑥𐑟 𐑯 𐑐𐑮𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑼𐑟, 𐑯 𐑪𐑯 𐑞 𐑓𐑮𐑳𐑯𐑑 𐑧𐑯𐑛 𐑦𐑯 𐑞 𐑓𐑹𐑥 𐑝 𐑥𐑪𐑯𐑩𐑒𐑮𐑴𐑥 𐑛𐑦𐑐𐑤𐑱𐑟 𐑢𐑦𐑞 𐑒𐑪𐑤𐑩𐑥𐑟 𐑝 𐑰𐑒𐑢𐑩𐑤 𐑢𐑦𐑛𐑔 𐑒𐑨𐑮𐑩𐑒𐑑𐑼𐑟. 𐑯 𐑞𐑱 𐑕𐑑𐑦𐑤 𐑤𐑦𐑝 𐑪𐑯 𐑑 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑛𐑱, 𐑦𐑯 𐑞 𐑖𐑱𐑐 𐑝 𐑑𐑻𐑥𐑦𐑯𐑩𐑤 𐑧𐑥𐑿𐑤𐑱𐑑𐑼𐑟 𐑯 𐑩𐑓𐑹𐑥𐑧𐑯𐑖𐑩𐑯𐑛 ·𐑦𐑛𐑧𐑟 [IDEs].

𐑢𐑦𐑞 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑬𐑑 𐑝 𐑞 𐑢𐑱, 𐑤𐑧𐑑 𐑥𐑰 𐑐𐑮𐑩𐑕𐑰𐑛 𐑢 𐑚𐑺𐑦𐑙 𐑥𐑲 𐑜𐑮𐑰𐑝𐑩𐑯𐑕𐑩𐑟. 𐑢𐑪𐑑𐑕 𐑕𐑴 𐑚𐑧𐑛 𐑩𐑚𐑬𐑑 ·𐑖𐑱𐑝𐑾𐑯 𐑦𐑯 𐑥𐑪𐑯𐑴𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕 𐑓𐑪𐑯𐑑𐑕 𐑲 𐑣𐑽 𐑿 𐑷𐑕𐑒? 𐑢𐑧𐑤… 𐑨𐑑 𐑤𐑰𐑕𐑑 𐑪𐑯 ·𐑥𐑨𐑒𐑴𐑧𐑕, 𐑞 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑬𐑯𐑛 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼𐑟 𐑸 𐑑𐑵 𐑢𐑲𐑛 𐑑 𐑓𐑦𐑑 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑵 𐑞 𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕 𐑩𐑤𐑪𐑑𐑩𐑛 𐑑 𐑞𐑧𐑥, 𐑯 𐑞 𐑮𐑦𐑟𐑳𐑤𐑑 𐑤𐑫𐑒𐑕 𐑑𐑧𐑮𐑦𐑚𐑩𐑤. 𐑣𐑽, 𐑡𐑳𐑡 𐑦𐑑 𐑓 𐑘𐑹𐑕𐑧𐑤𐑓:

𐑯𐑬, 𐑲𐑥 𐑖𐑫𐑼 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑞𐑺 𐑸 𐑥𐑪𐑯𐑴𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕 𐑓𐑪𐑯𐑑𐑕 𐑬𐑑 𐑞𐑺 𐑞𐑑 𐑛𐑴𐑯𐑑 𐑕𐑳𐑓𐑼 𐑓𐑮𐑪𐑥 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑒𐑮𐑬𐑛𐑦𐑙 𐑒𐑢𐑲𐑑 𐑨𐑟 𐑚𐑨𐑛𐑤𐑦, 𐑚𐑳𐑑, 𐑢𐑦𐑞 𐑷𐑤 𐑛𐑿 𐑮𐑦𐑕𐑐𐑧𐑒𐑑 𐑑 𐑞𐑺 𐑛𐑦𐑟𐑲𐑯𐑼𐑟, 𐑞𐑱 𐑸 𐑨𐑒𐑗𐑫𐑩𐑤𐑦 𐑕𐑑𐑦𐑤 𐑐𐑮𐑦𐑑𐑦 𐑛𐑮𐑧𐑛𐑓𐑩𐑤. 𐑑𐑮𐑲𐑦𐑙 𐑑 𐑕𐑒𐑢𐑰𐑟 𐑖𐑱𐑝𐑾𐑯𐑟 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑬𐑯𐑛 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼𐑟 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑵 𐑞 𐑕𐑱𐑥 𐑩𐑥𐑬𐑯𐑑 𐑝 𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕 𐑨𐑟 𐑞 𐑩𐑛𐑵 𐑝𐑬𐑩𐑤 𐑦𐑟 𐑕𐑦𐑥𐑐𐑤𐑦 𐑞 𐑮𐑪𐑙 𐑕𐑩𐑤𐑵𐑖𐑩𐑯 𐑑 𐑞 𐑐𐑮𐑪𐑚𐑤𐑩𐑥.

𐑞 𐑐𐑮𐑪𐑚𐑩𐑥 𐑣𐑨𐑟 𐑚𐑰𐑯 𐑕𐑪𐑤𐑝𐑛, 𐑞𐑴, 𐑦𐑯 𐑩 𐑝𐑧𐑮𐑦 𐑧𐑤𐑩𐑜𐑩𐑯𐑑 𐑢𐑱, 𐑚𐑲 ·𐑒𐑦𐑙𐑟𐑤𐑦 𐑮𐑰𐑛 𐑣𐑦𐑥𐑕𐑧𐑤𐑓. 𐑦𐑯𐑕𐑑𐑧𐑛 𐑝 𐑑𐑮𐑲𐑦𐑙 𐑑 𐑒𐑮𐑨𐑥 ·𐑸, ·𐑹, ·𐑻, ·𐑺, ·𐑽 𐑹 𐑰𐑝𐑩𐑯 ·𐑿 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑵 𐑞 𐑢𐑦𐑛𐑔 𐑝 𐑩 𐑕𐑦𐑙𐑜𐑩𐑤 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼, 𐑣𐑰 𐑕𐑐𐑤𐑦𐑑 𐑞𐑧𐑥 𐑰𐑗 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑵 𐑞𐑺 𐑑𐑵 𐑒𐑩𐑯𐑕𐑑𐑦𐑗𐑫𐑩𐑯𐑑𐑕. 𐑞 𐑿𐑟𐑼 𐑝 𐑞 ·𐑦𐑥𐑐𐑽𐑾𐑤 𐑜𐑫𐑛 𐑒𐑩𐑥𐑐𐑨𐑯𐑘𐑩𐑯 𐑑𐑲𐑐𐑮𐑲𐑑𐑼 𐑢𐑫𐑛 𐑯𐑪𐑑 𐑣𐑨𐑝 𐑧𐑯𐑦 𐑒𐑰𐑟 𐑓 𐑞 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑬𐑯𐑛 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼𐑟, 𐑯 𐑢𐑫𐑛 𐑡𐑳𐑕𐑑 𐑑𐑲𐑐 𐑞𐑧𐑥 𐑬𐑑 𐑕𐑧𐑐𐑼𐑩𐑑𐑤𐑦: ·𐑩𐑮, ·𐑭𐑮, ·𐑻︀𐑮, ·𐑺︀𐑮, ·𐑾𐑮 𐑯 ·𐑘𐑵.

𐑚𐑰𐑦𐑙 𐑱𐑚𐑩𐑤 𐑑 𐑕𐑧𐑐𐑼𐑱𐑑 𐑞 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼𐑟 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑢𐑱 𐑢𐑪𐑟 𐑛𐑦𐑟𐑲𐑯𐑛 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑵 𐑞 𐑨𐑤𐑓𐑩𐑚𐑧𐑑 𐑓𐑮𐑪𐑥 𐑞 𐑜𐑮𐑬𐑯𐑛 𐑳𐑐. 𐑞 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑬𐑯𐑛 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼𐑟 𐑸 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑼𐑟, 𐑒𐑩𐑥𐑐𐑴𐑟𐑛 𐑓𐑮𐑪𐑥 𐑞 𐑦𐑜𐑟𐑦𐑕𐑑𐑦𐑙 𐑕𐑦𐑥𐑐𐑩𐑤 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼𐑟.² 𐑮𐑰𐑛 𐑯𐑿 𐑝𐑧𐑮𐑦 𐑢𐑧𐑤 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑮𐑲𐑑𐑦𐑙 𐑞𐑧𐑥 𐑕𐑧𐑐𐑼𐑩𐑑𐑤𐑦 𐑢𐑫𐑛 𐑯𐑪𐑑 𐑨𐑒𐑗𐑫𐑩𐑤𐑦 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑮𐑩𐑥𐑲𐑟 𐑤𐑧𐑡𐑩𐑚𐑦𐑤𐑦𐑑𐑦 𐑦𐑯 𐑧𐑯𐑦 𐑢𐑱. 𐑨𐑟 𐑧𐑯𐑦 𐑥𐑪𐑛𐑼𐑩𐑑𐑤𐑦 𐑦𐑒𐑕𐑐𐑽𐑾𐑯𐑕𐑑 𐑖𐑱𐑝𐑾𐑯 𐑮𐑰𐑛𐑼 𐑢𐑦𐑤 𐑯𐑴, 𐑦𐑑 𐑦𐑟 𐑯𐑪𐑑 𐑣𐑸𐑛 𐑑 𐑜𐑧𐑑 𐑿𐑟𐑛 𐑑 𐑮𐑰𐑛𐑦𐑙 𐑞𐑧𐑥. 𐑯 𐑨𐑟 𐑲 𐑯 𐑳𐑞𐑼𐑟 𐑣𐑨𐑝 𐑛𐑦𐑕𐑒𐑩𐑝𐑼𐑛, 𐑒𐑩𐑥𐑐𐑴𐑟𐑦𐑙 𐑞 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑬𐑯𐑛𐑟 𐑦𐑯 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑓𐑨𐑖𐑩𐑯 𐑦𐑟 𐑦𐑯 𐑓𐑨𐑒𐑑 𐑩 𐑚𐑧𐑮𐑦 𐑯𐑨𐑗𐑼𐑩𐑤 𐑢𐑱 𐑑 𐑑𐑲𐑐 𐑞𐑧𐑥 𐑬𐑑 𐑦𐑯 𐑞 𐑓𐑻𐑕𐑑 𐑐𐑤𐑱𐑕.

𐑢𐑦𐑞 𐑷𐑤 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑦𐑯 𐑥𐑲𐑯𐑛, 𐑲 𐑛𐑦𐑛 𐑩 𐑓𐑳𐑯 𐑤𐑦𐑑𐑩𐑤 𐑦𐑒𐑕𐑐𐑧𐑮𐑦𐑥𐑩𐑯𐑑 𐑘𐑧𐑕𐑑𐑼𐑛𐑱. 𐑲 𐑒𐑤𐑴𐑯𐑛 𐑞 ·𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑼 𐑱𐑤𐑾 𐑮𐑦𐑐𐑴𐑟𐑦𐑑𐑼𐑦, 𐑯 𐑗𐑱𐑯𐑡𐑛 𐑞 𐑓𐑪𐑯𐑑. 𐑲 𐑨𐑛𐑩𐑛 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑼 𐑮𐑵𐑤𐑟 𐑓 𐑓𐑹𐑥𐑦𐑙 𐑞 𐑤𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑬𐑯𐑛𐑟 𐑓𐑮𐑪𐑥 𐑞𐑺 𐑐𐑸𐑑𐑕, 𐑯 𐑲 𐑨𐑥 𐑣𐑨𐑐𐑦 𐑑 𐑮𐑦𐑐𐑹𐑑 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑢𐑪𐑟 𐑝𐑧𐑮𐑦 𐑰𐑟𐑦 𐑑 𐑛𐑵, 𐑦𐑑 𐑢𐑻𐑒𐑑 𐑚𐑿𐑑𐑦𐑓𐑩𐑤𐑦—𐑦𐑯 ·𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑼 𐑱𐑤𐑾 𐑨𐑑 𐑤𐑰𐑕𐑑.

𐑥𐑲 𐑥𐑭𐑕𐑑𐑼 𐑐𐑤𐑨𐑯 𐑢𐑪𐑟 𐑜𐑴𐑦𐑙 𐑑 𐑚𐑰: 𐑓𐑲𐑯𐑛 𐑩 𐑢𐑱 𐑝 𐑦𐑯𐑒𐑴𐑛𐑦𐑙 𐑞 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑼𐑟 𐑕𐑳𐑗 𐑞𐑨𐑑:

• 𐑓𐑹𐑥𐑦𐑙 𐑞 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑼𐑟 𐑢𐑫𐑛 𐑚 𐑪𐑐𐑑-𐑦𐑯: 𐑲 𐑛𐑦𐑛𐑯𐑑 𐑢𐑪𐑯𐑑 𐑑 𐑦𐑯𐑩𐑛𐑝𐑻𐑑𐑩𐑯𐑑𐑤𐑦 𐑓𐑹𐑥 𐑞𐑧𐑥 𐑩𐑒𐑮𐑪𐑕 𐑕𐑦𐑤𐑩𐑚𐑩𐑤 𐑚𐑬𐑯𐑛𐑮𐑦𐑟³, 𐑯 𐑞𐑳𐑕 𐑚𐑮𐑱𐑒 𐑹 𐑥𐑦𐑕𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑻𐑐𐑮𐑩𐑑 𐑞 𐑦𐑜𐑟𐑦𐑕𐑑𐑦𐑙 𐑒𐑹𐑐𐑩𐑕 𐑝 ·𐑖𐑱𐑝𐑾𐑯 𐑮𐑲𐑑𐑦𐑙
• 𐑝𐑿𐑦𐑙 𐑞 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑼𐑟 𐑮𐑦𐑑𐑩𐑯 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑢𐑱 𐑢𐑫𐑛 𐑛𐑦𐑜𐑮𐑱𐑛 𐑜𐑮𐑱𐑕𐑓𐑩𐑤𐑦 𐑦𐑯 𐑓𐑪𐑯𐑑𐑕 𐑯𐑪𐑑 [𐑘𐑧𐑑] 𐑕𐑩𐑐𐑹𐑑𐑦𐑙 𐑞𐑧𐑥, 𐑐𐑼𐑑𐑦𐑒𐑘𐑩𐑤𐑼𐑤𐑦 𐑦𐑯 𐑥𐑪𐑯𐑴𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕 𐑓𐑪𐑯𐑑𐑕.

𐑚𐑱𐑕𐑦𐑒𐑩𐑤𐑦, 𐑲 𐑢𐑪𐑟 𐑢𐑪𐑯𐑑𐑦𐑙 𐑑 𐑓𐑲𐑯𐑛 𐑩 𐑢𐑱 𐑑 𐑮𐑦𐑝𐑲𐑟 𐑥𐑪𐑛𐑼𐑯 ·𐑖𐑱𐑝𐑾𐑯 𐑑𐑲𐑐𐑪𐑜𐑮𐑩𐑓𐑦, 𐑦𐑯 𐑕𐑳𐑗 𐑩 𐑢𐑱 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑲 𐑒𐑫𐑛 𐑣𐑨𐑝 𐑑𐑵 𐑒𐑨𐑮𐑩𐑒𐑑𐑼 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑼𐑟 𐑦𐑯 𐑐𐑤𐑱𐑯 𐑑𐑧𐑒𐑕𐑑 𐑢𐑦𐑞𐑬𐑑 𐑚𐑮𐑱𐑒𐑦𐑙 𐑧𐑝𐑼𐑦𐑔𐑦 𐑦𐑯 𐑞 𐑐𐑮𐑴𐑕𐑧𐑕. 𐑕𐑨𐑛𐑤𐑦 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑛𐑦𐑛𐑩𐑯𐑑 𐑢𐑻𐑒 𐑨𐑟 𐑢𐑧𐑤 𐑨𐑟 𐑲 𐑢𐑫𐑛 𐑣𐑨𐑝 𐑤𐑲𐑒𐑑—𐑦𐑑 𐑕𐑰𐑥𐑟 𐑞 𐑑𐑵 𐑮𐑦𐑒𐑢𐑲𐑼𐑥𐑩𐑯𐑑𐑕 𐑩𐑚𐑳𐑝 𐑸 𐑨𐑑 𐑪𐑛𐑟 𐑢𐑦𐑞 𐑰𐑗 𐑳𐑞𐑼.

𐑣𐑽𐑟 𐑢𐑪𐑑 𐑲 𐑑𐑮𐑲𐑛: 𐑕𐑨𐑑𐑦𐑕𐑓𐑲𐑦𐑙 𐑞 𐑪𐑐𐑑-𐑦𐑯 𐑚𐑦𐑑 𐑦𐑟 𐑰𐑟𐑦, 𐑨𐑟 𐑿𐑯𐑦𐑒𐑴𐑛 𐑣𐑨𐑟 𐑩 𐑒𐑴𐑛-𐑐𐑶𐑯𐑑 𐑦𐑕𐑐𐑧𐑖𐑩𐑤𐑦 𐑛𐑦𐑟𐑲𐑯𐑛 𐑓 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑐𐑻𐑐𐑩𐑕, 𐑯𐑱𐑥𐑤𐑦 U+200D, 𐑚𐑧𐑑𐑼 𐑯𐑴𐑯 𐑨𐑟 ZWJ, 𐑹 ·𐑟𐑽𐑴 𐑢𐑦𐑛𐑔 𐑡𐑶𐑯𐑼. 𐑲 𐑗𐑱𐑯𐑡𐑛 ·𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑼 𐑱𐑤𐑾 𐑑 𐑓𐑹𐑥 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑼𐑟 𐑦𐑓 𐑐𐑨𐑑𐑼𐑯𐑟 𐑤𐑲𐑒 ·𐑭 + <ZWJ> +·𐑮 𐑢𐑻 𐑦𐑯𐑒𐑬𐑯𐑑𐑼𐑛. 𐑲 𐑩𐑛𐑨𐑐𐑑𐑩𐑛 𐑢𐑩𐑯 𐑝 𐑥𐑲 𐑒𐑰𐑚𐑹𐑛𐑕 𐑑 𐑧𐑥𐑦𐑑 𐑞𐑦𐑕, 𐑯 𐑦𐑑 𐑢𐑻𐑒𐑑 𐑨𐑟 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑧𐑯𐑛𐑩𐑛 𐑪𐑯 𐑞 𐑓𐑻𐑕𐑑 𐑩𐑑𐑧𐑥𐑐𐑑. 𐑯𐑲𐑕.

𐑞 𐑕𐑧𐑒𐑩𐑯𐑛 𐑮𐑦𐑒𐑢𐑲𐑼𐑥𐑩𐑯𐑑 𐑦𐑟 𐑢𐑺 𐑥𐑲 𐑦𐑒𐑕𐑐𐑧𐑮𐑦𐑥𐑩𐑯𐑑 𐑓𐑧𐑤 𐑓𐑤𐑨𐑑. 𐑖𐑫𐑼, 𐑦𐑯 𐑮𐑦𐑗 𐑑𐑧𐑒𐑕𐑑 𐑦𐑯𐑝𐑲𐑮𐑩𐑯𐑥𐑩𐑯𐑑𐑕, 𐑞 𐑛𐑧𐑜𐑮𐑩𐑛𐑱𐑖𐑩𐑯 𐑢𐑪𐑟 𐑨𐑟 𐑐𐑤𐑨𐑯𐑛: “𐑩𐑮 𐑷𐑮 𐑭𐑮” 𐑯𐑯𐑯. 𐑚𐑳𐑑 𐑲 𐑢𐑪𐑟 𐑯𐑪𐑑 𐑕𐑴 𐑤𐑳𐑒𐑦 𐑦𐑯 𐑐𐑤𐑱𐑯 𐑑𐑧𐑒𐑕𐑑 𐑒𐑪𐑯𐑑𐑧𐑒𐑕𐑑𐑕. 𐑞 𐑧𐑛𐑦𐑑𐑼𐑟 [·𐑦𐑛𐑧𐑟 𐑯 𐑳𐑞𐑼 𐑐𐑤𐑱𐑯-𐑑𐑧𐑒𐑕𐑑 𐑚𐑱𐑕𐑑 𐑑𐑵𐑤𐑟 𐑕𐑳𐑗 𐑨𐑟 ·𐑝𐑦𐑥] 𐑣𐑧𐑤𐑐𐑓𐑩𐑤𐑦 𐑛𐑦𐑕𐑐𐑤𐑱𐑛 𐑥𐑲 𐑟𐑽𐑴 𐑢𐑦𐑛𐑔 𐑒𐑨𐑮𐑩𐑒𐑑𐑼 𐑨𐑟 “<200D>” – 𐑹 𐑢𐑻𐑕⁴. 𐑴𐑒𐑱, 𐑴𐑒𐑱, 𐑞𐑨𐑑𐑕 𐑞 𐑧𐑛𐑦𐑑𐑼𐑟. 𐑢𐑪𐑑 𐑩𐑚𐑬𐑑 𐑳𐑞𐑼 𐑐𐑤𐑱𐑯 𐑑𐑧𐑒𐑕𐑑 𐑿𐑕? 𐑷𐑤𐑕𐑴 𐑕𐑳𐑒𐑦, 𐑲𐑥 𐑕𐑨𐑛 𐑑 𐑮𐑦𐑐𐑹𐑑. ·𐑥𐑨𐑒𐑴𐑧𐑕𐑩𐑟 𐑑𐑻𐑥𐑦𐑯𐑩𐑤 𐑮𐑭𐑞𐑼 𐑿𐑕𐑤𐑩𐑕𐑤𐑦 𐑮𐑧𐑯𐑛𐑼𐑟 𐑞 ZWJ 𐑨𐑟 𐑩 𐑮𐑧𐑜𐑘𐑩𐑤𐑼 𐑕𐑐𐑱𐑕, 𐑢𐑦𐑗 𐑸𐑜𐑘𐑫𐑩𐑚𐑤𐑦 𐑥𐑱𐑛 𐑞 𐑑𐑧𐑒𐑕𐑑 𐑰𐑝𐑩𐑯 𐑤𐑧𐑕 𐑤𐑧𐑡𐑩𐑚𐑩𐑤 𐑞𐑨𐑯 𐑦𐑑 𐑢𐑪𐑟 𐑿𐑟𐑦𐑙 𐑞 𐑕𐑒𐑢𐑦𐑖𐑑 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑬𐑯𐑛𐑟.

𐑲 𐑢𐑫𐑛𐑩𐑯𐑑 𐑒𐑷𐑤 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑩 𐑓𐑱𐑤𐑛 𐑦𐑒𐑕𐑐𐑧𐑮𐑦𐑥𐑦𐑯𐑑, 𐑣𐑬𐑧𐑝𐑼.. 𐑲 𐑤𐑻𐑯𐑑 𐑩 𐑣𐑧𐑤 𐑝 𐑩 𐑤𐑪𐑑, 𐑯 𐑲 𐑣𐑨𐑝 𐑳𐑞𐑼 𐑲𐑛𐑾𐑟…⁵

𐑢𐑪𐑑 𐑦𐑓 𐑲 𐑛𐑮𐑪𐑐𐑑 𐑞 𐑓𐑻𐑕𐑑 𐑮𐑦𐑒𐑢𐑲𐑼𐑥𐑩𐑯𐑑, 𐑯 𐑡𐑳𐑕𐑑 𐑷𐑤𐑢𐑱𐑟 𐑮𐑧𐑯𐑛𐑼 𐑞 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑼𐑟 𐑩𐑯𐑤𐑧𐑕 𐑦𐑒𐑕𐑐𐑤𐑦𐑕𐑦𐑑𐑤𐑦 𐑑𐑴𐑤𐑛 𐑯𐑪𐑑 𐑑? 𐑨𐑟 “𐑨𐑓𐑦𐑒𐑕 𐑮𐑵𐑤” 𐑦𐑒𐑕𐑧𐑐𐑖𐑩𐑯𐑟 𐑸 𐑮𐑭𐑞𐑼 𐑮𐑺, 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑥𐑲𐑑𐑩𐑯𐑑 𐑚𐑰 𐑞 𐑢𐑻𐑕𐑑 𐑩𐑐𐑮𐑴𐑗‽ 𐑞 𐑪𐑐𐑑𐑦𐑙 𐑬𐑑 𐑒𐑫𐑛 𐑚𐑰 𐑧𐑯𐑦 𐑢𐑳𐑯 𐑝:

• 𐑛𐑴𐑯𐑑 𐑿𐑟 𐑩 𐑓𐑪𐑯𐑑 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑕𐑩𐑐𐑹𐑑𐑕 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑼𐑟, 𐑹
• 𐑑𐑻𐑯 𐑪𐑓 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑼 𐑕𐑩𐑐𐑹𐑑 𐑨𐑑 𐑞 𐑕𐑑𐑲𐑤𐑖𐑰𐑑 𐑤𐑧𐑝𐑩𐑤 [CSS], 𐑹
• 𐑦𐑯𐑕𐑻𐑑 ZWJ𐑟 𐑒𐑬𐑯𐑑𐑼𐑐𐑸𐑑, ZWNJ [·𐑟𐑽𐑴 𐑢𐑦𐑛𐑔 𐑯𐑪𐑯-𐑡𐑶𐑯𐑼, U+200C], 𐑹
• 𐑿𐑟 𐑩 𐑯𐑿 𐑑𐑲𐑐𐑩𐑜𐑮𐑨𐑓𐑦𐑒 𐑒𐑩𐑯𐑝𐑧𐑯𐑖𐑩𐑯 𐑑 𐑛𐑦𐑕𐑑𐑦𐑙𐑜𐑢𐑦𐑖 𐑨𐑓𐑦𐑒𐑕𐑩𐑟

𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑤𐑭𐑕𐑑 𐑢𐑳𐑯 𐑥𐑲𐑑 𐑡𐑳𐑕𐑑 𐑢𐑧𐑤 𐑚 𐑥𐑲 𐑓𐑱𐑝𐑼𐑦𐑑: 𐑢𐑰 𐑒𐑫𐑛 𐑮𐑲𐑑 𐑦𐑯𐑓𐑮𐑩-𐑮𐑧𐑛 𐑦𐑯𐑕𐑑𐑧𐑛 𐑝 𐑦𐑯𐑓𐑮𐑩𐑮𐑧𐑛⁶. 𐑔𐑦𐑙𐑒 𐑩𐑚𐑬𐑑 𐑦𐑑: 𐑦𐑯 𐑞 𐑯𐑿 𐑢𐑻𐑤𐑛 𐑹𐑛𐑼 𐑲 𐑨𐑥 𐑐𐑮𐑩𐑐𐑴𐑟𐑦𐑙, 𐑢𐑰𐑛 𐑚𐑰 𐑒𐑢𐑲𐑑 𐑿𐑟𐑛 𐑑 𐑕𐑰𐑦𐑙 𐑬𐑩𐑮 𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑗𐑩𐑮𐑟 𐑮𐑦𐑑𐑩𐑯 𐑕𐑧𐑐𐑩𐑮𐑩𐑑𐑤𐑦. 𐑦𐑯 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑢𐑻𐑤𐑛, 𐑞 𐑐𐑮𐑪𐑚𐑤𐑩𐑥 𐑕𐑪𐑤𐑝𐑛 𐑚𐑲 𐑞 𐑨𐑓𐑦𐑒𐑕 𐑮𐑵𐑤 𐑦𐑟 𐑮𐑰-𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑮𐑩𐑛𐑿𐑕𐑑 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑵 𐑞 𐑹𐑔𐑪𐑜𐑮𐑩𐑓𐑦: 𐑯𐑴 𐑢𐑱 𐑝 𐑑𐑧𐑤𐑦𐑙 𐑢𐑧𐑞𐑼 𐑞 𐑷𐑔𐑼 𐑥𐑧𐑯𐑑 “𐑦𐑯𐑓𐑤𐑩𐑮𐑧𐑛” 𐑹 “𐑦𐑯𐑓𐑮𐑩-𐑮𐑧𐑛”. 𐑦𐑯 𐑥𐑲 𐑥𐑲𐑯𐑛, 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑮𐑩𐑛𐑿𐑕𐑦𐑙 𐑞 𐑣𐑲𐑓𐑩𐑯 𐑕𐑪𐑤𐑝𐑟 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑮𐑭𐑞𐑼 𐑧𐑤𐑦𐑜𐑩𐑯𐑑𐑤𐑦.⁷

𐑨𐑟 𐑧𐑝𐑼, 𐑲 𐑨𐑥 𐑝𐑧𐑮𐑦 𐑒𐑘𐑫𐑼𐑾𐑕 𐑑 𐑣𐑽 𐑐𐑰𐑐𐑩𐑤𐑟 𐑔𐑷𐑑𐑕 𐑪𐑯 𐑞𐑰𐑟 𐑥𐑨𐑑𐑼𐑟! 𐑲 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑧𐑯𐑛 𐑑 𐑒𐑨𐑮𐑦 𐑪𐑯 𐑦𐑒𐑕𐑐𐑧𐑮𐑦𐑥𐑧𐑯𐑑𐑦𐑙 𐑪𐑯 𐑞𐑦𐑕, 𐑤𐑧𐑑 𐑥𐑰 𐑯𐑴 𐑦𐑓 𐑿𐑛 𐑤𐑲𐑒 𐑑 𐑜𐑦𐑝 𐑥𐑲 𐑓𐑹𐑒𐑑 𐑝𐑻𐑠𐑩𐑯 𐑝 ·𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑼 𐑱𐑤𐑾 𐑩 𐑜𐑴.

𐑓𐑫𐑑𐑯𐑴𐑑𐑕

1. 𐑚𐑳𐑑 𐑯𐑪𐑑 𐑱𐑤𐑪𐑑. ↩︎
2. 𐑲 𐑕𐑩𐑕𐑐𐑧𐑒𐑑 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑞𐑱 𐑥𐑱 𐑣𐑨𐑝 𐑚𐑰𐑯 𐑑𐑨𐑒𐑑 𐑪𐑯 𐑦𐑯 𐑞 𐑤𐑱𐑑 𐑕𐑑𐑱𐑡𐑩𐑟 𐑝 𐑛𐑦𐑝𐑧𐑤𐑩𐑐𐑥𐑩𐑯𐑑 𐑑 𐑕𐑨𐑑𐑦𐑕𐑓𐑲 𐑕𐑳𐑥 𐑝 𐑞 𐑪𐑛𐑼 𐑮𐑦𐑒𐑢𐑲𐑼𐑥𐑩𐑯𐑑𐑕 𐑝 ·𐑖𐑷 𐑯 𐑞 𐑦𐑜𐑟𐑧𐑒𐑘𐑩𐑑𐑼 𐑝 𐑣𐑦𐑟 𐑢𐑦𐑤, 𐑯 𐑦𐑯 𐑥𐑲 𐑥𐑲𐑯𐑛, 𐑓𐑲𐑝 𐑝 𐑞 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑬𐑯𐑛 𐑤𐑧𐑑𐑼𐑟 𐑴𐑯𐑤𐑦 𐑕𐑻𐑝 𐑞 𐑐𐑻𐑐𐑩𐑕 𐑝 𐑩𐑐𐑰𐑟𐑦𐑙 𐑮𐑴𐑑𐑦𐑒 𐑕𐑐𐑰𐑒𐑼𐑟. 𐑞 𐑕𐑦𐑒𐑕𐑔, ·𐑿, 𐑢𐑪𐑟 𐑝 𐑒𐑹𐑕 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑧𐑯𐑛𐑩𐑛 𐑑 𐑚𐑰 𐑩 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑮𐑩𐑥𐑲𐑟 𐑦𐑯 𐑞 𐑪𐑐𐑩𐑟𐑦𐑑 𐑛𐑲𐑮𐑧𐑒𐑖𐑩𐑯, 𐑦𐑯 𐑞 𐑣𐑴𐑐 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑘𐑪𐑛-𐑛𐑮𐑪𐑐𐑼𐑟 𐑢𐑫𐑛 𐑑𐑱𐑒 𐑑 𐑿𐑟𐑦𐑙 𐑦𐑑 𐑑 𐑣𐑧𐑤𐑐 𐑯𐑪𐑯-𐑘𐑪𐑛-𐑛𐑮𐑪𐑐𐑼𐑟. 𐑯𐑬, 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑢𐑳𐑯 𐑯𐑧𐑝𐑼 𐑮𐑾𐑤𐑦 𐑑𐑫𐑒 𐑪𐑓, 𐑛𐑦𐑛 𐑦𐑑? ↩︎
3. 𐑕𐑰: 𐑞 𐑨𐑓𐑦𐑒𐑕 𐑮𐑵𐑤 𐑦𐑯 ·𐑮𐑰𐑛𐑤𐑧𐑒𐑕𐑩𐑟 𐑕𐑐𐑧𐑤𐑦𐑙 𐑐𐑮𐑦𐑯𐑕𐑦𐑐𐑩𐑤𐑟. ↩︎
4. 𐑨𐑒𐑗𐑫𐑩𐑤𐑦 𐑩 𐑜𐑫𐑛 𐑔𐑦𐑙: 𐑞 𐑤𐑭𐑕𐑑 𐑔𐑦𐑙 𐑿 𐑢𐑪𐑯𐑑 𐑨𐑟 𐑩 𐑛𐑦𐑝𐑧𐑤𐑩𐑐𐑼 𐑦𐑟 𐑕𐑳𐑥 𐑩𐑚𐑕𐑒𐑘𐑫𐑼 𐑦𐑯𐑝𐑦𐑟𐑦𐑚𐑩𐑤 𐑿𐑯𐑦𐑒𐑴𐑛 𐑒𐑨𐑮𐑩𐑒𐑑𐑼 𐑚𐑮𐑱𐑒𐑦𐑙 𐑞 𐑚𐑦𐑤𐑛. 𐑯 𐑦𐑯 𐑣𐑲𐑯𐑛𐑕𐑲𐑑 𐑲𐑖𐑫𐑛 𐑣𐑨𐑝 𐑓𐑹𐑕𐑰𐑯 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑢𐑩𐑯! ↩︎
5. 𐑢𐑳𐑯 𐑝 𐑢𐑦𐑗 𐑲𐑤 𐑦𐑤𐑨𐑚𐑼𐑱𐑑 𐑪𐑯 𐑣𐑽 𐑕𐑴 𐑨𐑟 𐑯𐑪𐑑 𐑑 𐑛𐑦𐑕𐑑𐑮𐑨𐑕𐑑 𐑓𐑮𐑪𐑥 𐑞 𐑥𐑱𐑯 𐑯𐑨𐑮𐑩𐑑𐑦𐑝: 𐑢𐑳𐑯 𐑳𐑞𐑼 𐑨𐑯𐑜𐑩𐑤 𐑝 𐑩𐑑𐑨𐑒, 𐑦𐑕 𐑑 𐑑𐑧𐑤 𐑞 𐑥𐑪𐑯𐑩𐑑𐑲𐑐 𐑒𐑪𐑯𐑑𐑧𐑒𐑕𐑑𐑕 𐑑 𐑮𐑧𐑯𐑛𐑼 𐑞 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑐𐑬𐑯𐑛𐑟 𐑦𐑯 𐑑𐑵 𐑕𐑤𐑪𐑑𐑕 𐑦𐑯𐑕𐑑𐑧𐑛 𐑝 𐑢𐑳𐑯. 𐑞𐑽 𐑦𐑟 𐑪 𐑐𐑮𐑧𐑕𐑦𐑛𐑩𐑯𐑑 [𐑯 𐑩 𐑥𐑧𐑒𐑩𐑯𐑦𐑟𐑩𐑥] 𐑓 𐑞𐑦𐑕, 𐑦𐑯 𐑞 𐑓𐑹𐑥 𐑝 𐑱𐑠𐑩𐑯 𐑑𐑲𐑐𐑪𐑜𐑮𐑩𐑓𐑦, 𐑓 𐑢𐑦𐑗 𐑞 ·𐑰𐑕𐑑 𐑱𐑠𐑩𐑯 𐑢𐑦𐑛𐑔 𐑐𐑮𐑪𐑐𐑼𐑑𐑦 𐑢𐑪𐑟 𐑨𐑛𐑩𐑛 𐑑 ·𐑿𐑯𐑦𐑒𐑴𐑛 𐑓 𐑞𐑦𐑕 𐑦𐑜𐑟𐑨𐑒𐑑 𐑕𐑱𐑥 𐑐𐑮𐑪𐑚𐑤𐑩𐑥 𐑢𐑧𐑯 𐑮𐑧𐑯𐑛𐑼𐑦𐑙 𐑕𐑻𐑑𐑩𐑯 𐑰𐑕𐑑 𐑱𐑠𐑩𐑯 𐑒𐑨𐑮𐑩𐑒𐑑𐑼𐑟. 𐑲𐑛 𐑡𐑳𐑕𐑑 𐑣𐑨𐑝 𐑑 𐑐𐑼𐑕𐑢𐑱𐑛 𐑞 ·UTC 𐑑 𐑗𐑱𐑯𐑡 𐑞 𐑢𐑦𐑛𐑔 𐑓 U+10478-U+1047F 𐑑 𐑑𐑵. 𐑣𐑬 𐑣𐑸𐑛 𐑒𐑫𐑛 𐑦𐑑 𐑚? ↩︎
6. 𐑯𐑴𐑑 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑢𐑳𐑯 𐑒𐑪𐑥𐑦𐑯 𐑒𐑤𐑭𐑕 𐑓 𐑨𐑓𐑦𐑒𐑕 𐑮𐑵𐑤𐑟 𐑦𐑟 𐑩 𐑯𐑪𐑯-𐑦𐑖𐑵: 𐑾 𐑦𐑟 𐑯𐑪𐑑 𐑳𐑯𐑛𐑼 𐑒𐑩𐑯𐑕𐑦𐑛𐑼𐑱𐑖𐑩𐑯 𐑑 𐑚 𐑕𐑐𐑤𐑦𐑑 𐑦𐑯𐑑𐑵 𐑒𐑩𐑯𐑕𐑑𐑦𐑗𐑫𐑩𐑯𐑑𐑕. 𐑕𐑴 “𐑣𐑨𐑐𐑦𐑩𐑮” 𐑦𐑟 𐑦𐑯 𐑯𐑴 𐑛𐑱𐑯𐑡𐑼 𐑝 𐑚𐑰𐑦𐑙 𐑥𐑦𐑕𐑒𐑩𐑯𐑕𐑑𐑮𐑵𐑛 𐑨𐑟 “𐑣𐑨𐑐𐑽”. ↩︎
7. 𐑴𐑒𐑱, 𐑴𐑒𐑱, 𐑢𐑺 𐑯𐑪𐑑 𐑣𐑴𐑥 𐑛𐑮𐑲 𐑘𐑧𐑑. 𐑞 𐑧𐑤𐑩𐑓𐑩𐑯𐑑 𐑦𐑯 𐑞 𐑮𐑫𐑥 𐑣𐑽 𐑦𐑟 𐑞𐑨𐑑 ·𐑻︀𐑝𐑮𐑩 𐑯 ·𐑺︀ 𐑸 𐑯𐑪𐑑 𐑦𐑯 ·𐑿𐑯𐑦𐑒𐑴𐑛. 𐑕𐑴 𐑢𐑰 𐑡𐑳𐑕𐑑 𐑯𐑰𐑛 𐑑 𐑜𐑧𐑑 𐑞𐑧𐑥 𐑨𐑛𐑩𐑛 𐑣𐑬 𐑣𐑸𐑛 𐑒𐑫𐑛 𐑞𐑨𐑑 𐑚𐑰? ↩︎